Index

1. High-level Questions and Answers

1.1 What is Mesa?

Mesa is an open-source implementation of the OpenGL specification. OpenGL is a high-level programming library for interactive 3D graphics. See the OpenGL website for more information.

Mesa 5.0.x supports the OpenGL 1.4 specification.

1.2 Does Mesa support/use graphics hardware?

Yes. Specifically, Mesa serves as the OpenGL core for the XFree86/DRI OpenGL drivers. See the DRI website for more information.

There have been other hardware drivers for Mesa over the years (such as the 3Dfx Glide/Voodoo driver, an old S3 driver, etc) but the DRI drivers are the modern ones.

1.3 What purpose does (software) Mesa serve today?

Commercial, hardware-accelerated OpenGL implementations are available for many operating systems today. Still, Mesa serves at least these purposes:

• Mesa is used as the core of the XFree86/DRI hardware drivers.
• Mesa is quite portable and allows OpenGL to be used on systems that have no other OpenGL solution.
• Software rendering with Mesa serves as a reference for validating the hardware drivers.
• A software implementation of OpenGL is useful for experimentation, such as testing new rendering techniques.
• Mesa can render images with deep color channels: 16-bit integer and 32-bit floating point color channels are supported. This capability is only now appearing in hardware.
• Mesa's internal limits (max lights, clip planes, texture size, etc) can be changed for special needs (hardware limits are hard to overcome).

1.4 How do I upgrade my DRI installation to use a new Mesa release?

You don't! The Mesa source code lives inside the XFree86/DRI source tree and gets compiled into the individual DRI driver modules. If you try to install Mesa over an XFree86/DRI installation, you'll lose hardware rendering (because Mesa's libGL.so is different than the XFree86 libGL.so).

The DRI developers will incorporate the latest release of Mesa into the DRI drivers when the time is right.

1.5 Are there other open-source implementations of OpenGL?

Yes, SGI's OpenGL Sample Implemenation (SI) is available. The SI was written during the time that OpenGL was originally designed. Unfortunately, development of the SI has stagnated. Mesa is much more up to date with modern features and extensions.

miniGL is a subset of OpenGL for PalmOS devices. TinyGL is another subset of OpenGL.

There may be others but Mesa is the most popular and feature-complete.

2. Compilation and Installation Problems

2.1 What's the easiest way to install Mesa?

If you're using a Linux-based system, your distro CD most likely already has Mesa packages (like RPM or DEB) which you can easily install.

2.2 Running configure; make Doesn't Work

Unfortunately, the GNU autoconf/automake/libtool system doesn't seem to work too well on non GNU/Linux systems, even after installing gmake, gcc, etc. For that reason, Mesa's old-style makefile system is still included. The old-style system uses good old traditional Makefiles. Try the following:

  cd Mesa-x.y.z
  cp Makefile.X11 Makefile
  make

  make linux-x86

If you're experienced with GNU autoconf/automake/libtool and think you can help with maintence, contact the Mesa developers. FYI, the Mesa developers generally don't use the autoconf/automake system. We're especially annoyed with the fact that a +5000-line script (libtool) is needed to make shared libraries (ugh).

2.3 Mesa still doesn't compile

If the old-style Makefile system doesn't work either, make sure you have the most recent version of Mesa. Otherwise, file a bug report or post to the Mesa3d-users mailing list. Give as much info as possible when describing your problem.

2.4 I get undefined symbols such as bgnpolygon, v3f, etc...

You're application is written in IRIS GL, not OpenGL. IRIS GL was the predecessor to OpenGL and is a different thing (almost) entirely. Mesa's not the solution.

2.5 Where is the GLUT library?

GLUT (OpenGL Utility Toolkit) is in the separate MesaDemos-x.y.z.tar.gz file. If you don't already have GLUT installed, you should grab the MesaDemos package and unpack it before compiling Mesa.

2.6 What's the proper place for the libraries and headers?

On Linux-based systems you'll want to follow the Linux ABI standard. Basically you'll want the following:

• /usr/include/GL/gl.h - the main OpenGL header
• /usr/include/GL/glu.h - the OpenGL GLU (utility) header
• /usr/include/GL/glx.h - the OpenGL GLX header
• /usr/include/GL/glext.h - the OpenGL extensions header
• /usr/include/GL/glxext.h - the OpenGL GLX extensions header
• /usr/include/GL/osmesa.h - the Mesa off-screen rendering header
• /usr/lib/libGL.so - a symlink to libGL.so.1
• /usr/lib/libGL.so.1 - a symlink to libGL.so.1.xyz
• /usr/lib/libGL.so.xyz - the actual OpenGL/Mesa library. xyz denotes the Mesa version number.
• /usr/lib/libGLU.so - a symlink to libGLU.so.1
• /usr/lib/libGLU.so.1 - a symlink to libGLU.so.1.3.xyz
• /usr/lib/libGLU.so.xyz - the OpenGL Utility library. xyz denotes the Mesa version number.

After installing XFree86 and the DRI drivers, some of these files may be symlinks into the /usr/X11R6/ tree.

The old-style Makefile system doesn't install the Mesa libraries; it's up to you to copy them (and the headers) to the right place.

The GLUT header and library should go in the same directories.

3. Runtime / Rendering Problems

3.1 Rendering is slow / why isn't my graphics hardware being used?

Stand-alone Mesa (downloaded as MesaLib-x.y.z.tar.gz) doesn't have any support for hardware acceleration (with the exception of the 3DFX Voodoo driver).

What you really want is a DRI or NVIDIA (or another vendor's OpenGL) driver for your particular hardware.

You can run the glxinfo program to learn about your OpenGL library. Look for the GL_VENDOR and GL_RENDERER values. That will identify who's OpenGL library you're using and what sort of hardware it has detected.

If your DRI-based driver isn't working, go to the DRI website for trouble-shooting information.

3.2 I'm seeing errors in depth (Z) buffering. Why?

Make sure the ratio of the far to near clipping planes isn't too great. Look here for details.

Mesa uses a 16-bit depth buffer by default which is smaller and faster to clear than a 32-bit buffer but not as accurate. If you need a deeper you can modify the parameters to glXChooseVisual in your code.

3.3 Why Isn't depth buffering working at all?

Be sure you're requesting a depth buffered-visual. If you set the MESA_DEBUG environment variable it will warn you about trying to enable depth testing when you don't have a depth buffer.

Specifically, make sure glutInitDisplayMode is being called with GLUT_DEPTH or glXChooseVisual is being called with a non-zero value for GLX_DEPTH_SIZE.

This discussion applies to stencil buffers, accumulation buffers and alpha channels too.

3.4 Why does glGetString() always return NULL?

Be sure you have an active/current OpenGL rendering context before calling glGetString.

3.5 GL_POINTS and GL_LINES don't touch the right pixels

If you're trying to draw a filled region by using GL_POINTS or GL_LINES and seeing holes or gaps it's because of a float-to-int rounding problem. But this is not a bug. See Appendix H of the OpenGL Programming Guide - "OpenGL Correctness Tips". Basically, applying a translation of (0.375, 0.375, 0.0) to your coordinates will fix the problem.

4. Developer Questions

4.1 How can I contribute?

First, join the Mesa3d-dev mailing list. That's where Mesa development is discussed.

The OpenGL Specification is the bible for OpenGL implemention work. You should read it.

Most of the Mesa development work involves implementing new OpenGL extensions, writing hardware drivers (for the DRI), and code optimization.

4.2 How do I write a new device driver?

Unfortunately, writing a device driver isn't easy. It requires detailed understanding of OpenGL, the Mesa code, and your target hardware/operating system. 3D graphics are not simple.

The best way to get started is to use an existing driver as your starting point. For a software driver, the X11 and OSMesa drivers are good examples. For a hardware driver, the Radeon and R200 DRI drivers are good examples.

The DRI website has more information about writing hardware drivers. The process isn't well document because the Mesa driver interface changes over time, and we seldome have spare time for writing documentation. That being said, many people have managed to figure out the process.

Joining the appropriate mailing lists and asking questions (and searching the archives) is a good way to get information.